Sunday, May 24, 2020

The Use Of Therapeutic Techniques For The Client As A...

Communication is such a crucial concept when it comes to providing the best care for clients in need. In order to have a good conversation with a client there are special techniques to use. The client may be stressed or uncomfortable while carrying the conversation so it is important to use therapeutic techniques to ensure comfort and relaxation for the client. Therapeutic communication involve verbal and nonverbal skills in order to have a successful discussion with the client as a healthcare worker. What Went Well The interview started with the interviewer introducing the topic and summarizing what was going to happen. The interviewer made sure to explain the process and how everything said would be kept confidential. Making sure the person getting interviewed knows this information will give them time to think and express how they feel before they get questioned. The next step was to ask the client, â€Å"is there anything you would like to talk about?† By asking this question it will make the client feel in control which makes them feel more comfortable to continue. The interview went well and smooth because most of the questions were open- ended questions. An example of a question used was, â€Å"Okay, well what have they been doing that is getting you upset?† Asking a question like this made sure that the client would have a variety of things to say instead of just â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†. An example of a closed- ended question would be, â€Å"Do their action make you upset?† Open- endedShow MoreRelatedNervous Process And Manifested By Auditory Hallucinations1708 Words   |  7 PagesDiagnosis 1 Disturbed sensory perception related to schizophrenic process and manifested by auditory hallucination. Goal 1. Voices are less frequent using a scale of 1 to 10 by third week of treatment 2. Alex will be able to identify and demonstrate a technique to distract him from the voices by the sixth week of treatment Expected outcome 1. Alex states he no longer hear voices 2. Compliant with medication(s) and other treatments 3. Will be able to participate in discharge planning 4. Eat food broughtRead MoreProfessionals To Distinguish The Influence Of Intrinsic999 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessionals to distinguish the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the individuals, which is an effective use of therapeutic self. Goldman et al. (2004) describe complete AD interventions should provide supportive care to the patient and caregivers, promote independence, maintain body function and treat symptoms. Treatments can be briefly divided into cognition-, behaviour-, emotion- and stimulation-oriented approaches. For cognition-oriented intervention, an occupational therapistRead MoreEffective Communication Through Person Centered Care1154 Words   |  5 Pagesfamilies. In addition, to form a client -nurse relationship, therapeutic communication accentuates the care provider, through non-verbal, verbal and cultural norms. Lastly self-awareness allows the nurse to be aware of the patient’s conditions, needs and culture. Being aware of those factors leads to a negotiating mutual understanding where the patient feel encouraged and develop the ability to trust the nurse. Without person/woman centered care, self-awareness and therapeutic communication, nurse professionalsRead MoreAn Ethical Issue I Have Found Challenging At My Agency954 Words   |  4 Pageshave found challenging at my agency is negative talk about clients. While this seems like a minor or non-issue at the surface, I believe it is an issue that can bring forth more severe problems, if left unchecked. The way we talk about others can color our opinions of them. A study on gossip, which is defined as â€Å"negative evaluative talk about an absent third party† shows that it is positively correlated to suboptimal care in healthcare workers, and it is negatively correlated to patient safety. EvenRead MoreWestern and Traditional Healthcare1715 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare professionals have been trying to establish western healthcare in Haiti due to the increasing number of Haitians being infected by AIDS. However, Haitians choose to see voodoo priests instead of western medical doctors because religion is very important to them and voodoo priests provide the spiritual healing they seek. The consequence of western doctors not understanding the importance of voodoo religion in the treatment process is the biggest deterrent to Haitians accepting western healthcareRead MoreHuman Rights Is A Global Issue Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdie because they are homosexuals, not getti ng clean water, no access to healthcare, people are dying because of their ethnicity’s etc. Humans are not born racist, homophobic or sexist; we were born equal. Understanding Human Rights state that â€Å"human rights are those rights, which are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings. Human rights and fundamental freedoms allow us to fully develop and use our human qualities, our intelligence, our talents and our conscience andRead More Ethical and Legal Considerations in Social Work1094 Words   |  5 Pages Shaniya Robinson arrives at the County Human Services Authority for her monthly appointment with her social worker. Ms. Robinson is a 25 year old African American female who is receiving treatment for schizophrenia from the adult behavioral health services program. During a session the client reports that she is under a great deal of stress because she is having difficulty adjusting to being a new mother. Her five month old baby girl Shanice is teething and cries frequently. Ms. Robinson is alsoRead MorePhysical Therapy And Occupational Therapy1633 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical/Occupational Therapy Abstract The history of Physical Therapy and Occupational was first developed in 1912; President Mary McMillan, an executive committee of elected officers, led the association. Physical therapy is a healthcare profession primarily concerned with the remediation of impairments and the disabilities of people. PTs diagnose and treat individuals of all ages with injuries that limit movement and the ability to perform functional activities in their daily lives.Read MoreThe United States ( U.s. ) Essay2094 Words   |  9 Pagesto be culturally diverse. With the immigrant s movement into the U.S., healthcare workers, and the U.S. healthcare system, are finding it difficult to deliver the healthcare needs of U.S. population. One difficulty hinges on the ability of the healthcare providers to communicate amongst each other and its ability to communicate with the patient. This communication obstacle is especially true in Hawaii, where healthcare workers face multi-diverse ethnic groups along with the ir very diverse culturesRead MoreEffective Communication And Communication Between The Doctor And Patient Based On The Fourth Clip1569 Words   |  7 Pagesis fundamental to delivering great patient care in healthcare settings. It is critically important to create an environment in which clients are able to express their needs and concerns, especially to alert health providers to unsafe situations. However, communication failures occur sometimes due to a series of inappropriate verbal and non-verbal communication, which finally lead to confusion or conflict. There are a number of effective techniques that can be used to resolve conflicts. This essay

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Stereotypes Toward Asian People - Really - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2087 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Oral History Essay Did you like this example? Survival bias is â€Å"the logical error of concentrating on the people or things that made it past some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of their lack of visibility.† Similar to the myth of model minority we have discussed during class, such mistake is usually caused by overgeneralization and lack of examination. After interviewing with my mother, a first generation immigrant, I am surprised about how people still hold many biased stereotypes towards Asian. When I ask my mother how she thinks people view and judge Asian American as a group, she replies: â€Å"Before I came to the United States, I didn’t know how Asians are viewed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stereotypes Toward Asian People Really?" essay for you Create order After months later during conversations with others, I finally realized that they hold some deep misconceptions towards our group. † The truth is, many stereotypes toward Asian Americans remain inaccurate, despite the rapid progress of internet and globalization, and they are another form of survival bias. In order to understand why so many misconceptions successfully spread out and survive, we have to dig the underlying reasons by examining the origins of them. Here, I will mainly focus on how Asian Americans, especially first generation migrants, are tagged with improper labels, in physical appearances, traditions and religious perspectives, and personalities. Physical Misconceptions Though it might be true that some Asians have smaller and narrower eyes because of different genes and DNAs, the statement is not right for all Asians, and definitely not a sign of ugliness. People’s different facial look is usually an adaptation resulted from different living environments. For instance, people living in high latitudes in the northern hemisphere tend to have tall and big noses to compensate for cold air. African people have dark skins because of their long-time exposure under the sunlight. Likewise, East Asians have slanted eyes to avoid wind and sun damage. Furthermore, people should not make fun of a person because of his or her physical appearance. Everyone has a different looking. Tall noses are not superior to short noses. Larger eyes are not better than small eyes. Simply assuming smaller eyes are ugly is one-sided, and my mother says, â€Å"if some of them do have smaller eyes comparatively, it is not their decision and thus commenting their eyes as ug ly is disappointing and malicious.† Besides having small eyes, Asian are weak and physically unthreatening in some people’s mind. Apparently, those judgements are overgeneralized and misleading in 2016 Summer Olympics medal table, there are 3 Asian countries in top 8 of the medal table. â€Å"Today, Asian athletes still hold and create world records, so how can they be weak?†, says my mother about such accusation. Two hundred years ago, Anti-Asian media left an indelible impact on Asians. Yellow-skinned people are dehumanized and portrayed with prejudice, and those incorrect descriptions of them has become their â€Å"labels† forever. Globalization has largely decreased hatred and bias toward different minority groups, while those long-live â€Å"labels† are still there without questioning. Traditions and religions Besides physical appearances, Asian people’s traditions and religious standpoints are often misinterpreted. For instance, Asians prefer to meet people from their own country and form small groups, excluding others from entering. In real life, many people do think typical Asians do not like to join parties and only social with their own small group of people. My mother expresses her perspective on this stereotype as such: â€Å"In China, people tend to form smaller groups with deeper friendship and relationship. It is different from the way people think here. As an Asian American myself, I like to meet different people, but sometimes we have different cultural backgrounds and ways of thinking. Saying that Asian people are excluding others is totally wrong and biased.† Unlike typical Americans, in East Asian cultures, the importance of having a handful of close friends is greatly emphasized, under the great influence of Confucianism. A famous poet in China once wrote â₠¬Å"the pond is over a thousand feet deep, but it is nothing compared to Wang Lun’s friendship with me.† In the other hand, human tend to stay with in a comfort zone. A close friend conveys the idea that he or she has to have similar properties and ways of thinking in Chinese mainstream ideology, and thus people may think Asian as not reaching out to others. Furthermore, another assumption is that the majority of people living in East Asian countries, such as Japan and China, do not have an official religious belief, because they are taught not to do so, reflecting lack of deeper level of thinking. When I introduces this point to my mother, she states that is purely a personal choice, and â€Å"people should be able to choose what they believe in.† Adding to her point, I believe it is critical and important to point out how Confucianism has influenced East Asian countries and their people. Though it is not a religion, traditional Asian people have their unique understanding of manners and etiquettes. Contrarily, most of Taiwanese have religious beliefs and many Chinese people act ually believe in Buddhism and Taoism. My mother is Buddhism follower. Personalities and behaviors Asian, especially Chinese, are also commonly described as shy and introvert. During the interview, my mother expressed her feeling about this stereotype. In fact, most of her asian friends are very welcoming. The origin of this rumor may come from people’s unfamiliarity with Confucianism, which greatly emphasizes the importance of modesty and humility. My mother’s understanding is that â€Å"being quiet is not a sign of inconfident or introvert, it also means respect and agreement.† Meanwhile, besides the impact of different cultures, language barrier is also a potential cause for this stereotype. When my mother talked about her experience as a first generation immigrant to the United States, she mentioned how difficult it was for her at the beginning. Like most first generation immigrants, my mother is not able to communicate with others in English fluently. Therefore, it is difficult for her to make friends and have conversations with indigenous people. â€Å" I am very willing to make friends with different cultural backgrounds and nationalities†, she explains with subtle depression on her face, â€Å"but the language barrier is there.† Supposedly, if a person who is not a native speaker of Chinese moves to China for a living, he or she will definitely feel uncomfortable at first, therefore not as talkative as others. Combining those two points together, it is not hard for us find what may cause this rumor to spread out. Another famous stereotype is specifically aiming at Asian parent, whom they call â€Å"tiger parent†. Follow the definition from Wikipedia, the stereotyped figure often portrays a Chinese mother who relentlessly drives her child to study hard, using authoritarian parenting methods for her children to achieve academic excellence. Undeniably, people do emphasize the importance of academic excellence in China and many other countries in East Asia, but this misconception is still an overgeneralization. When I was in elementary school, I did poorly in test one time, and one thing I remembered the most is how my parents responded. Instead of blaming me for not studying well enough, they said they wanted me to be happy and think beyond scores and grades. It is true that some Asian parents are, in some way, stricter comparatively, but this â€Å"tiger parenting† concept is d emonized and inaccurate to reflect the real situation here. Besides all the stereotypes mentioned above, which includes physical appearances, traditions and religious perspectives and personalities, there are a myriad of positive and accurate stereotypes correspondingly. Most stereotypes are not meant to hurt or make fun of a certain group, but more or less a product of lack of deeper understanding of one’s cultural background and historical reasons. Consequently, it is easy for some mistaken ideas to emerge and spread out. In fact, I enjoy reading stereotypes and portraits about Asians, knowing that they are not there to hurt us. After a careful examine upon the underlying reasons behind some of these deeply rooted misconceptions, hopefully, people are able to generate a more unbiased and just portrait of Asians. Appendix: Transcription for the Interview Q: Who do you think are the â€Å"indigenous people†? Do you think you are one of them? A: People who are born in this place and have parents that are living in this place long before other immigrants.They are assimilated to become Americans and they represent the majority of the United States. I am definitely not one of them. Although I am physically here, my thinking process and ideologies are still Chinese. A: Many of these misconceptions sprouted from people’s lack of knowledge of others’ culture and traditions. Q: So around 6 years ago, you and my father decided to migrate to the United States. What are the underlying reasons? A: The most important reason is because you are going to St.Stephens (my high school in Austin), so we want to make sure that we can provide you with more opportunity. Also, your father is doing environmental engineering business, and many of the large petroleum companies are located at the United States. Without the necessity to travel too much, he can make business and bargain with them. Additionally, the CPI (consumer price index) is too high in Shanghai (China) and air quality is almost unbearable. That’s basically why we made the choice. Q: When you migrate to the United States, what are some difficulties that you have encountered? Something unexpected? A: Language barrier is definitely one. I have no relatives here, only a few friends, so it is like starting a new life. Also the food here is very different, and it is almost impossible to â€Å"remake† the same taste. Before I came to the United States, I didn’t know how Asians are viewed. After months later during conversations with others, I realized that they hold some deep misconceptions towards our group. That was very unexpected for me. Q: What do you think is some biggest misconceptions that people still hold towards Asian Americans today? A: There are many of them. For example, Asians, especially Chinese, are characterized as shy and introvert, while the truth is not like that. Also, they think that Asians prefer to meet people with their own nationality and form small groups. Asians have small and slanted eyes, and they look ugly, and etc. Q: What do you think of the assumption that Asians have small and narrow eyes? A: Not all of them are like that, and even if some of them do have smaller eyes comparatively, it is not their decision and thus commenting their eyes as ugly is disappointing and malicious. Q: Long time ago, people view Asians as weak and physically unthreatening, do you think that is still true today? A: This opinion is racist and clearly not true. Today, Asian athletes still hold and create world records, so how can they be weak? Q: You mentioned that people always think that Asians are lack of confidence and introvert, what do you think about that? A: In fact, most of my friends and asian people I’ve met are not introvert but very welcoming. The reason why people believe in this idea is because they are not familiar with Confucianism in china, where humility is greatly emphasized. Being quiet is not a sign of inconfident or introvert, it also means respect and agreement. Biased judgement like that is definitely true. Q: Great. Another rumor is that Asian people try to form small groups and exclude others from entering. Any comments? A: In China, people tend to form smaller groups with deeper friendship and relationship. It is different from the way people think here. Saying that Asian people are excluding others is totally wrong and biased. I am very willing to make friends with different cultural backgrounds and nationalities but the language barrier is there, and besides sometimes we have different cultural backgrounds and ways of thinking. Q: In East Asia, most people do not hold a religious belief, while almost in everywhere else in the world people usually have some belief. Do you think that is a problem? People sometimes relate this to lack of deeper thinking, what is your opinion? A: I have read many articles criticizing how China is one of the only few countries that does not emphasizes the importance of religion. To me, however, it is a personal choice. People should be able to choose what they believe in. I believe in Buddhism, for instance.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Impact of Globalization on Indian Education - 3068 Words

| | |Impact of Globalization on Indian Education | | | |S.Deepalakshmi, | |hariharan.deepalakshmi@gmail.com†¦show more content†¦It is only through improving the educational status of a society that the multi-faceted development of its people can be ensured Basically Indian Education system is composed of three components and they are Primary education, Secondary education and Higher education. Today, in the age of privatization, globalization and lib eralization, India is exposed to the world in all spheres. In the present competitive world, expansion, excellence and inclusion are the three challenges of Indian education system. The age old system of education has to be reformed. Practical knowledge should be given more priority than theoretical knowledge. Indian Education System Indian education has its own history of development. In the earlier times, Gurukulas dominated the society, which emphasized the traditional and cultural education, which had its own restriction. But Indian education system got an impetus after the invasion of the British. Western education exerted its influence on the Indian education system, under the British rule. McCauley’s education policy is worthy of note. Scientific and technological education gained more importance than traditional and cultural education in this era. But in the post-independence period, our constitution made the education a fundamental right and enacted a law for compulsory education up to 14 years. Today higher education gives more importance toShow MoreRelatedImpact of Globalization on Non Western Culture Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Globalization on Non Western Cultures Examples of Globalization’s Impact Globalization is far reaching in this day and age. Globalization is the worldwide flow of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture. It leads to a greater interdependence and mutual awareness among the people of the world (Tischler, 2011, 2007, p. 430). One non-Western culture that has been impacted by globalization is China. An example of the impact of globalization on China is their economy. Read MoreGlobalization Is The Key Of Success For All Countries1183 Words   |  5 Pages1. Synopsis Globalization has no borders and boundaries across the world due to exchange of knowledge, thoughts, trade and information. This report will examine the definition of globalization, advantages and disadvantages of globalization and the popularity of globalization. Some strong evidences gathered by the primary and secondary data. Some content is based on my personal knowledge. Table of content 2. Introduction Nowadays, globalization plays the vital role all around the world. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of Indian Women In India1155 Words   |  5 PagesMoreover, Indian women just cant escape from getting picked on. Even at home there is lots of pressure, especially when money is involved. There is a big hair business system, taking place in India. It attracts many buyers mostly the Chinese and Eastern Europeans, but the Americans dont fall too far behind. We as well take some part in this. In India, the men force their wives to share of their hair for money, some children are forced into doing it as well. Some as well as forced, are tricked tooRead MoreGlobalization And International Business : Globalization954 Words   |  4 PagesMonica Mall 3/11/15 India Intro Globalization/ International Business In the text International Business, globalization is defined as the â€Å"acceleration and extension of the interdependence of economic and business activities across national boundaries (p 3)†. Many multinational corporations manufacture products in different nations and selling internationally to different nations. With the constant flow of goods and service help the integration of economies and societies. SinceRead MoreEffect Of Globalization On Neediness Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesexcluded, left behind in squalor . . . (Annan 2000). In spite of the fact that the correct effect of globalization on neediness is exceptionally hard to evaluate, look into assessments demonstrate that destitution has expanded by 82 million, 14 million, and 8 million in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean separately. Investigating this, globalization itself can t be considered in charge of the vast majority of the neediness in creating nations as differentRead MoreLatin American Culture Essay examples1050 Words   |  5 Pagesall civil institutions, education, and law. Nowadays religion plays an important role in Latin America, but the church and the state are officially separated, and the practice of other religions is freely allowed. As the author of our book states; the catholic church is an important pillar of these societies. Other important factors of Latin American culture are values and attitudes. As our author states, Cultural attitudes toward such factors as time, age, education, and status reflect theseRead MoreImpact Of Globalization943 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Globalization Jan Aart Scholte states that ‘Some people have associated globalization with progress, prosperity and peace. For others, however, the word has conjured up deprivation, disaster and doom.’ Globalization is truly a complex phenomenon. It indicates that the world today is getting smaller because people from all around the world are interconnect than before. Globalization is driven by a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural, and political factors. In this paperRead MoreEssay on World is Flat1633 Words   |  7 Pages After reading The World is Flat, I would have to say that I believe the world is flat as according to the author Thomas L. Friedman. Globalization has taken the world by storm and everything that we do in this world is done with technology. Ever since the world was introduced to the World Wide Web in 1993, we have spiraled in a new direction at a rapid speed, and we have yet to slow down. Technology has advanced so much that nowadays we do not need actual people to run a business and at thatRead MoreGloalization and Its Effect on Non- Western Cultures758 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is globalization and what affect does this have on Non-Western cultures? Merrim-Websters dictionary defines globalization as, â€Å"the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets†. When identifying the pieces of globalization, outsourcing may be the first thing that comes to mind . However, globalization and modernization are larger than outsourcing alone. In this paper we willRead MoreGlobalization Is A Major Point Of Negativity1469 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is defined in many ways. â€Å"Globalization generally refers to the expansion of global communications, growing social and political interdependence and the development of a planetary rather than national awareness among many of the world’s people (Anderson, 98).† The process of globalization is allowing people from all over the world be more interconnected with one another. The process is seen in many different ways. Our clothing is no longer made in the United States, today we look at

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Industrial Relations in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Industrial Relations in Australia. Answer: Introduction The following paper discusses about the various aspects of the industrial relations that have been predominant in the country of Australia. Australia has been a country where the laws and regulations for the work in government organizations have changed many times over the past two decades. This proves that the employees have suffered many setbacks from time to time in this time. The relationship between the employers and the employees has always remained at the focal point when discussing these facts. In this paper, the concept of the employee-employer relationship has to be discussed along with the description about the Fair Work Act that was designed in the year 2009. Many things are related in this scenario. The things like Neo-Institutional approach will be discussed here. The parties like the individual employees in the workplace, the workers unions and the interference of the political parties, the role of the employers and their respective associations and most importantly th e role of the government in this aspect will be explained here. The fair work commission has a big role to play here as well. Neo-Institutional approach Neo Institutional theory has been considered as one of the most important approaches or theories in the modern context (Fredriksson, Pallas and Wehmeier 2013). This is because it has a lot to do with politics in the modern workplaces. In this theory, the principal perception is to clarify how the organizations should be run in the new era. This includes the development of the institutions, spreading their names and how they become legitimate organizations by getting involved in one after another (Fredriksson, Pallas and Wehmeier 2013). This theory has been regarded as one of the most important aspects in the entire culture of the workplaces and organizations in this new era. The government organizations are not excluded from feeling the impact of this theory as well. This encompasses the cultural traditions and beliefs in the new period of business revolution. The first focuses that were being laid on to the factors of neo institutionalism were the isomorphism and legitimating (Salomon and Wu 2012). This approach did not put much attention on the human orientation. These certain public policies had an effect on the growth and development of the organizations. The two theories that are combined with the advent of this approach or theory are institutional theory and resources dependence theory. This approach has been evolved through the economy development and it helps to recognize the institutions that are considered to be informal. This approach has its roots in the political science where it derives the opinion of the rational selection of the individuals within the society as well as the social institutions (Salomon and Wu 2012). This recommendation of this theory is that the State must be strong in nature but its powers and influences must be limited in nature (Suddaby, Seidl and L 2013). Workplace Relations Act 1996 The workplace relations act is a legislative framework that addresses the work choices that the employees can opt for or relate themselves to in a real time (Workplace Relations Act 2017). It was designed for the employees and the employers as well. The Work Choices had been one of the important subparts in that particular legislation. The contemporary government in Australia had made several changes before introducing this act for the public and they enforced it in the Federal industrial relations in Australia (Workplace Relations Act 2017). These changes in the Work Choices in the Workplace Relations act include the various factors like:- Using of secret ballots in the industrial action was made to be mandatory (Frege 2017). Five minimum workplace conditions had to be created (Workplace Relations Act 2017). A single national industrial relations system had to be formed and applied in every corporation within the country. The allowable matters which could have been covered by presenting awards, had to be reduced in a good number. Certified Agreements and Australian Workplace Agreements had to be created so that the employees could have a better future in the organizations (Workplace Relations Act 2017). Restrictions were created in the matters that could be allowed anyway. The concept of pattern bargaining was completely outlawed by this legislative framework (Frege 2017). The companies which had less than 101 employees because of the unfair dismissal by the companies were exempted from government registers (Workplace Relations Act 2017). Fair Work Act 2009 This legislative framework for the better employment relations has been very effective in terms of the entire employment relations in Australia. As a whole, this is called the national workplace relations system (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). This system was designed for a balanced framework for the productive workplace relations in the workplaces around the country. The things that have been outlined in this act are:- It has said about the terms and conditions of the employment from perspectives of both the employer and the employees. All the rights of the employees, employers and the organizations have been outlined in this framework. These rights include the recruitment process, employee retention, termination and many other related processes (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). This act also provides the employees for a guaranteed safety net of fair and relevant minimum terms and conditions that secures the rights for both of them. They get this security through the National Employment Standards (NES), Modern Awards and National Minimum Wage orders. These things have helped to create a safe working environment for the employees (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). Pluralism approach in the neo institutionalism theory The neo institutionalism has been divided into two approaches that are the pluralism and unitarism. The approach of pluralism has got the more affinity with the current industrial relations all over the world. Some of the features in the neo pluralism approach are:- The balance of the individual rights for the workers with the corporate social responsibility of the employers Significance of the community action on the voluntary basis with the moral construction of the employee organizations The families, schools and other social institutions have to take the roles of creating a good character The existing social institutions have to be regenerated The role of the moral and social cohesion lies on the hands of the trade unions in the workplaces. It has been said by the experts that the pluralism creates a certain representation gap in the society as also it tends to weaken the flavor of the democratic society. The staff associations, trade unions and the employee organizations must consult with themselves about certain things because they are the most important things in the industrial relations. The neo-pluralism has gained some important significance in the Australian context. This approach is quite superior in many aspects. These are:- This would be able to provide a normative framework in the Australian context and relating to the premises that have been described in the Fair Work Act 2009. This approach depicts that the employment relations is quite an assymetrical one. This is inclined towards the employer mainly. Some employers are ethically very careless and do not have the chance to co-exist with the employees. The way to make them aware about these responsibilities is to apply the ethical hegemony. This approach establishes a strong ethical cohesion for the social partnerships between the employees and employers at the workplace. These things will help to build a symmetrical connection with the Fair Work Act 2009 where the employees must be given certain facilities in the workplace and they must not be deprived of their primary rights. They cannot be forced to do anything or indulge into unethical works forcefully. National Employment Standards The National Employment Standards are the standard legislative framework for the compliance in the Australian business environments (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2017). These rules and regulations have to be maintained by all the organizations, irrespective of their market size, industry or the other unique conditions. The elements that fall under this are:- Working hours for employees Right request for flexible working hours and arrangements Parental leaves (both maternal and paternal) Personal and compassionate leaves Public holidays Long service leaves Termination notice and redundancy pay Fair work statements Community service leaves Annual leaves The role of the employees, employers, employee unions, employer associations and the government itself has a huge role to play in the industrial relations in Australia (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2017). The various roles that the unions play in this modern business environment are:- They work with the management to solve the issues at workplace (Nicholson-Crotty Grissom and Nicholson-Crotty 2012). They work as advocates for the employees They make sure that the employers meet with the minimum obligations They see to the fact if the workplace safety laws are obeyed by the employers (Nicholson-Crotty Grissom and Nicholson-Crotty 2012). They indulge in the bargaining process with the employers to come to a negotiable agreement (Shaw, Kristman and Vzina 2013). The employer associations make the policies for the employees and work to if the employees are suffering from any problems in the workplace (Poole 2013). They set up policies for the employees to work within the organizations and maintain the integrity at the workplace. They also consult with the representatives to fix the strategies for the growth of the organization, planning to celebrate the different occasions, celebrating the birthdays of the employees and many more (Poole 2013). The government also has some contributions in maintain good industrial relations at the workplace (Deakin and Morris 2012). They regulate the legislative frameworks to maintain inside the organization. The government also fixes a certain range of wages for the employees at different standards. They also help to set the minimum wages at the workplace. The government sets the different workplace determinations that are made in the case of the low paid employees. The other cases in which the government can interfere are the unfair dismissal, industrial action, right of entry of the trade union officials to the workplaces, disputes the settlements in the organizations, transfer of business and some other important factors (Bamber 2013). Conclusion The conclusion to this paper can be drawn by saying that Australian industrial relations have been a trajectory of a number of things beginning from shifting to the neo institutional theory and the introduction of new laws and regulations in the country. The acts like Fair Work Act 2009 and the Work Choices in the Workplace Relations Act 1996 has been effective in determining the relationship between the employees and employers in the organizations. The role of the employee unions or the trade unions, employer organizations and the government has a huge impact in defining the industrial relations of the country. References Bamber, G.J., 2013.New Technology (Routledge Revivals): International Perspectives on Human Resources and Industrial Relations. Routledge. Deakin, S.F. and Morris, G.S., 2012.Labour law. Hart publishing. Fair Work Ombudsman. (2017). Fair Work Ombudsman. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/legislation [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017]. 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